![]() ![]() ![]() Gultekin S, Celik H, Akpek S et al (2008) Vascular loops at the cerebellopontine angle: is there a correlation with tinnitus. Goebell E, Ries T, Kucinski T et al (2005) Screening for cerebellopontine angle tumors: is a CISS sufficient? Eur Radiol 15:286–291 Neurosurgery 57:1213–1217ĭe Foer B, Vercruysse JP, Spaepen M et al (2010) Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bone. Clin Otolaryngol 33:5–11ĭe Ridder D, de Ridder L, Nowé V et al (2005) Pulsatile tinnitus and the intrameatal vascular loop: why do we not hear our carotids. Radiology 202:773–781Ĭhadha NK, Weiner GM (2008) Vascular loops causing otological symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroradiology 38:278–286Ĭasselman JW, Offeciers FE, Govaerts PJ et al (1997) Aplasia and hypoplasia of the vestibulocochlear nerve: diagnosis with MR imaging. Eur Radiol 17:2332–2344Ĭasselman JW, Kuhweide R, Ampe W et al (1996) Inner ear malformations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss: detection with gradient-echo (3DFT-CISS) MRI. Eur Radiol 17:2908–2920īorges A, Casselman J (2007) Imaging the cranial nerves: part II: primary and secondary neoplastic conditions and neurovascular conflicts. Part 2: intra-axial lesions, skull base lesions that may invade the CPA region and non-enhancing extra-axial lesions. Eur Radiol 17:2472–2482īonneville F, Savatovsky J, Chiras J (2007b) Imaging of cerebellopontine angle lesions: an update. Epub ahead of print)īonneville F, Savatovsky J, Chiras J (2007a) Imaging of cerebellopontine angle lesions: an update. Otol Neurootol 27:992–998īarath K, Schuknecht B, Monge Naldi A et al (2014) Detection and grading of endolymphatic hydrops in Meniere disease using MR imaging. Eur Radiol 15:1768–1770Īyache D, Trabalzini F, Bordure P et al (2006) Serous otitis media revealing temporal en plaque meningioma. cochlearis with retrocochlear deafness: the role of thin-slice 3D T2-weighted imaging. Early diagnosis of this condition is important as aggressive management is necessary to avoid morbidiy and mortality.Aschenbach R, Heydel A, Eger C et al (2005) Aplasia of the n. Differential diagnosis includes cholestatoma and squamous cell carcinoma of the EAC. Temporal bone osteomyelitis is seen as increased density of the bone, with linear periosteal reaction, and accompanied by a soft tissue density around the EAC and mastoid. Involvement of the TM joint is seen as widening of the joint space, with irregularity of the articular margins. Involvement of the temporalis muscle leads to formation of a temporalis abscess, which is seen as diffuse muscle thickening with hypodensity. CT scan demonstrates the presence of an asymmetric soft tissue density in the EAC, with or without extension into the surrounding structures. The infection soon spreads into the adjacent structures such as the temporomandibular (TM) joint, middle ear, mastoid air cells, and skull base. It is commonly seen in the elderly and in diabetic patients. Malignant otitis externa is a result of infection of the EAC with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mortality has currently decreased to 20% from 30-40% due to good improved antibiotics. Malignant otitis externa is a misnomer as it is not a malignant condition it is termed “malignant” because of the aggressive clinical behavior and high mortality associated with it. 3D reconstructed images should demonstrate the volume of the middle ear cavity and also the distance from the middle ear structures to the atretic EAC and reveal any other anomalies of the external ear. Additional anomalies need to be looked for as well, such as the presence of severe incudomallear dysplasia, which when present has to be resected, as well as dysplastic stapes, which may need to be replaced by a prosthesis. In addition, we also need to look for structures that may cause problems during surgery such as reduced volume of the middle ear cavity and poor pneumatization of the temporal bone. Preoperatively, the radiologist should look for contraindications for surgery such as atretic oval and or round window and unfavorable course of the facial nerve. HRCT of the temporal bone is indicated for preoperative planning. The outcome of surgeries performed in the presence of middle and inner ear dysplasia are not encouraging. Isolated EAC atresias are amendable to surgery. Atresia of the EAC can occur in isolation or it may be associated with middle ear and inner ear dysplasia. ![]()
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